Research Around the World

This week, we were asked to explore various early childhood websites that featured an interest in international research. The website that I focused my studies on was for Early Childhood Development Virtual University (ECDVU) Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) or http://www.ecdvu.org/ssa/major_reports.php. This particular page of the website features various final reports and papers from different international scholars in the early childhood field. Some of the reports focused on the inclusion of family members in the development of early childhood development programs. Stella Etse's research study, titled Parents' and Other Caregivers' Perception of Early Childhood Development Needs and Quality: A Study of the PLAN-Assisted Programmes in Bawjiase, Ghana,  examined the level of understanding parents and other family members have about the requirements and expectations for early childhood development programs. The results of the study showed that parents and other family members are very knowledgeable in the requirements for quality early childhood development programs and should be included in the development of these programs. Another focus of the reports was the inclusion of indigenous cultures in early childhood programming. Mgbechikwere (Uche) Ezirim's research study, titled Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in ECD Training and Studies, focused on the importance of keeping Indigenous stories in the lives of today's children, where urbanization threatens to push the lessons of these stories aside. The study suggested that early childhood teachers encourage the students to act out the stories, so that they become a part of the story and preserve the meaning behind it.

As I was reviewing this website, I found it humbling to learn that much of the international research focuses on issues that are similar to topics studied here in the United States. This just shows that the early childhood field is cohesive globally and issues or practices in the field can be studied in other parts of the world in order to find a universal solution. After exploring the website, I found it interesting that the participating students in the university had been elected by the school to participate. Each of the students is affiliated with multiple early childhood organizations, which shows that they are committed to the field.

Research that Benefits Children and Families - Uplifting Stories

Technology has become such an essential part of people's lives in today's society and the dependency on technology begins at a very early age. Researchers have expressed concern that too much exposure to television for children less than two years of age can have a negative effect on children's cognitive development. A study by Kikorian, Wartella, and Anderson (2008) describes how television could possibly have a positive impact on a child's cognitive development if parents monitor the content and amount of the television shows that are viewed. There are many children's television shows out there that claim to be educational. I have even heard some television networks to claim that they are like preschool on television. Research studies, such as the one previously mentioned, can help society by informing parents about how to monitor what their children are watching on television and how much television is considered too much.

I chose this topic because I continue to hear mixed reviews about the idea of young children watching television. I am a parent who allows my four year-old daughter to watch television. I do monitor what she watches and if something comes on the television that I do not approve, I turn it off. I also know when she has watched too much. However, I can honestly say that my daughter has learned a lot cognitively from some of the shows that she watches. She has learned to speak some Spanish through watching Dora the Explorer. She has also learned how to count backward and identify odd shapes, such as trapezoid and octagon, by watching Team Umizoomi. I believe that if parents pay attention to what their children are watching, then they can help promote their child's cognitive development by directing their children toward watching certain television shows that actually teach something. The above research study helped benefit society because it clarified some of the misconceptions about television viewing. However, this topic will remain controversial because many professionals and parents will continue to believe that all television is bad. As a professional and as a parent, I am not one of them. I will not purposely sit a child down in front of the television to teach them something, but I believe that occasional television exposure is not harmful.

Reference:

Kirkorian, H., Wartella, E., & Anderson, D. (2008). Media and young children's learning. The Future Of Children / Center For The Future Of Children, The David And Lucile Packard Foundation, 18(1), 39-61.

My Personal Research Journey

The early childhood field presents an endless variety of topics for an educator to research. After doing some soul-searching, I decided to look more into how participation in a family child care setting effects a child's performance throughout their educational career. Within this topic, I would like to explore possibly how having multiple siblings in the same family child care setting can affect a child's educational performance. I am curious to see if children who have siblings with them in the same "classroom" perform better in school because they were comforted by the fact that their siblings were learning along side them during their early childhood years. I would also like to examine if a child's attendance in a family child care particular program has an effect on their performance during their educational career. Maybe children who participate in family child care programs on a full-time basis perform better than their part-time peers because they are accustomed to the routine of the program and are comforted by the "home away from home" atmosphere. Another direction that I would like to take my studies is determining if the background of the administrator (owner) affects the overall performance of the child. I wonder if program administrators that have a strong background in early childhood education (college education focused in the field, along with years of experience working in the field) establish programs that promote a stronger educational growth in the children that participate in their programs compared to administrators with little or no previous early childhood training. 

What led me to my research topic was the fact that I am a new owner of a family child care program in my community. I have a Bachelor's degree in Early Childhood Education and I am working on my Master's degree through the Walden program. I also have a few years working in various early childhood settings. After the birth of my second daughter, I decided that I wanted to be able to stay home with my children, but still provide an opportunity to help foster the educational development of the children in my community. 

Through the participation in the simulation project for this course, I am hoping to further understand the research process so that I can proceed with conducting research about the effectiveness of family child care programs. I know that there is often a misconception that family child care providers are basically babysitters, but that is not true. Many family child care programs offer strong educational opportunities for the children participating in the programs while maintaining the loving, home-like environment that many parents find comforting. As I progress through the assignments, I am learning that a lot of the terminology sounds similar, forcing myself to look more closely at the terms so that I can apply the correct terms to the proper research concepts. I know that as the course progresses and we learn to apply more of the research methods, the terminology will become easier to understand. I am looking forward to developing this part of my professional training so that I can become a stronger participant and contributor to the early childhood field. 

Reflecting on the International Early Childhood Field

Over the past several weeks, I have had the opportunity to learn about the field of early childhood education from a global perspective. I was excited to have the opportunity to communicate with early childhood professionals from other areas of the world, but quickly discovered that the seemingly easy task was rather difficult to accomplish. I plan to continue to try to search for other early childhood professionals from outside of the United States so that I can further explore the field from a different perspective. 

One of the insights that I have gained throughout this course was that there is a strong passion for offering quality early childhood programs to children that is shared all around the world. I saw this passion directly when reading the news articles provided by UNESCO's Early Childhood and Care webpage (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengthening-education-systems/early-childhood/). I was excited to see that even though we may come from different cultural backgrounds, we as educators strive to provide quality education to all children in the early years. 

I also learned that poverty-related conditions are not limited simply to third world countries, where poverty is highly emphasized. Poverty is seen all around the world and impacts millions of children each year (http://www.childhoodpoverty.org/). As a result, children are faced with the task of fighting the effects of poverty instead of focusing on being a child and enjoying the basic benefits of childhood that many people take for granted. Children experiencing poverty lack the opportunity to participate in early childhood programs, which can often lead to poor educational performance throughout their childhood. If these children are denied access to early childhood programs because of their "quality of life" status, how are they supposed to overcome the barriers necessary for them to ultimately progress beyond poverty?

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Another insight that I gained over the past several weeks was that professional development is key to improving the quality of early childhood programs around the world. I am a strong believer in staying up to date with current trends and issues in any career field, but educators around the world agree that this is a necessity in order to maintain early childhood programs. In Turkey, the ACEV provided professional development opportunities to assist their teachers in learning how to help needy families access assistance programs throughout the country (http://www.acev.org/en/anasayfa). 

As I mentioned earlier, one goal that I have is to continue to try to initiate and maintain contact with early childhood professionals from around the globe. I think that it would be a great way to learn about early childhood programs from other parts of the world and see if there are any practices that we can put in place here in the United States. In the meantime, I will continue to explore the websites that I have listed in the past weeks to continue to learn about current practices and issues happening in the field. 

Getting to Know Your International Contacts - Part 3

This week, I reviewed the World Forum Radio podcast featuring TJ Skalski (http://worldforumfoundation.org/wf/wp/current-work/world-forum-radio/). She is the principal at the Mother Earth's Children Charter School in Alberta, Canada. Skalski mentioned that while growing up, she never believed that she would become a teacher, but her grandmother had always envisioned her as one. She eventually realized that her grandmother's vision for her life was correct. When she took over the position as principal for MECCS, she realized that she had entered an environment that faced a lot of opposition. The staff turnover rate was extremely high, resulting in a lack of leadership for the school. However, as Skalski continued to work with the students at the school, she quickly identified that the children lacked backgrounds in family values and strong work ethics that she experienced while growing up. It quickly became her mission to instill these values in these children so they could learn that they can pursue their hopes and dreams. Skalski's story reminded me a lot of my experience working for Head Start. We come across many children that come from impoverished backgrounds. These families struggle to put food on the table and many have experienced homelessness at one point. The hardships carried by the parents are often passed on to the children, making it difficult for the children to discover their aspirations and dreams. It is our responsibility as educators to provide the children with the resources that they need to not only succeed in the classroom, but in their home environment as well. We work closely with the families to assist them with providing a nurturing home environment, which is a key component to healthy childhood development.

I also took the opportunity to explore UNESCO's Early Childhood Care and Education webpage (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengthening-education-systems/early-childhood/). Under the Access and Equity tab, I found an article about the home-based programs in New Zealand (http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001373/137381e.pdf). This caught my attention because part of our Early Head Start program is home-based and it is the sector of EHS that I am least familiar with. I had assumed that "home-based" for New Zealand meant the same thing to them as it does here, but I was wrong.  Home-based services in New Zealand is the equivalent to family child care services to us in the United States. One similarity between the two programs is that there is a coordinator overseeing the homes that are participating in the program. One major difference that I noted was that their home-based programs are heavily regulated by the government, where family child care centers in the United States are rarely regulated with many of them not being licensed. New Zealand's home-based programs follow a curriculum for instruction for the children. Family child care centers in the United States can sometimes reflect group babysitting services, where little education is offered to the children. I would strongly like to see the United States to move toward regulated family child care centers, similar to New Zealand's home-based centers. Many families are leaning toward family child care because it tends to be a cheaper alternative to placing their children in a regular child care center. If the government begins to regulate family child care centers, then the children attending these centers may not miss out on valuable learning opportunities that often come from attending quality child care centers.

Sharing Web Resources - Additional Information

Throughout the past few weeks, I have had a chance to explore the ChildCare Aware of America website at http://www.naccrra.org/. One of the links that I chose to explore this week was the Publications tab. From there, I was given the chance to review a list of publications that ChildCare Aware has produced that are available for purchase as resources for childcare agencies. One of the publications titled Parents and the High Cost of Child Care: 2012 Report (http://www.naccrra.org/publications/naccrra-publications/2012/8/parents-and-the-high-cost-of-child-care-2012-report) I used as a resource for our main assignment this week. I was very surprised to learn through this document the price of child care services throughout the United States. For example, the price for infant care in a child care center could range anywhere from $1500 to $16000! One of the biggest struggles for families looking for quality child care services for their families is cost. As the quality of care increases, the price of services almost always increases as well. Families end up sacrificing quality in order to find affordable child care for their children, even if the conditions that the children are cared for in are not ideal.

I also took the time to look more into the information contained under the Programs and Services tab, particularly at the Child Care Partners section. There I found that in December, ChildCare Aware of America had partnered with Parents magazine to help persuade Congress to focus on child care during their negotiations. I followed the link provided to reviewed the article listed in the December issue of the magazine (http://www.parents.com/baby/childcare/child-care-crisis/). The article features a family who was lucky to have found a child care center that produced quality education, but the family was devastated to learn that the center was forced to close due to recent budget cuts in child care funding. This article hit home for me because I know of a few child care programs that have been forced to close their doors due to the budget cuts resulting from the sequestration issued in March, one of those centers was a child care research program located at a local community college. Hundreds of families will be looking for child care starting this summer due to the closure of these programs. Few centers will be able to increase the spots that they have available, so families will have to look elsewhere for lower par child care services.

I did sign up for the e-newsletters from the website, but have not received any updates recently. As a result, I returned to the website's homepage and reviewed some of the recent news releases. President Obama has released his budget proposal for the fiscal year 2014, which contains a significant push for increased funding for early childhood education (http://www.naccrra.org/news-room/press-releases/2013/4/child-care-aware®-of-america-executive-director-at-white-house-budge). My supervisor and I sat down this week when he released the budget and reviewed his proposal. We were very excited to learn that he is suggesting a focus on increased funding for Early Head Start programs and Home Visiting programs, recognizing the need for a strong foundation in education and related services for children beginning at birth. I am anxious to see what Congress decides to do with the proposed budget, especially after these exact same programs took a large budget cut with the sequestration.

Tiffany

Getting to Know Your International Contacts - Part 2

I still have not heard back from any of my international contacts, so I continued working on the podcast alternative for the assignment. This week, I reviewed the World Forum Radio podcast featuring George Forman (http://worldforumfoundation.org/wf/wp/current-work/world-forum-radio/). Forman is the Co-founder of Videatives, Inc., which is a company that helps educators understand children's play by video recording children during play and then providing a narrative description about what the child is doing and what the child's thinking process could actually be. Forman has extensively studied Piaget's theories on play, writing several books about the topic. During an child observation, Forman discovered that children may actually be learning about their environment from an active, verb-focused viewpoint. Instead of looking at how things are in the world, children look at their environment and see what everything is doing. The little boy in Forman's observation was playing with a log. He stopped walking and set the log in a vertical position. We would normally say that the log looked like a tower, which is a noun-based conclusion. Forman concluded that the boy was excited to see the log stand on end because it was standing, not falling, which is a verb-based conclusion. I really like Forman's view of thinking in terms of focusing on the world through a verb-based lens. Children are often engaged in play, so they are always manipulating objects and determining what their actions do to the objects.

I also took the opportunity to review Harvard University's Global Children's Initiative website (http://developingchild.harvard.edu/index.php/activities/global_initiative/). One thing that I was able to relate to was when reading the Initiative's fact sheet, I noticed that they are focusing on improving mental health resources for children around the world. In my classroom and in our program, we have noticed a significant increase in the number of children and their families who have needed mental health serviced due to a variety of factors in their lives. For example, we have an eighteen month old child whose mother is in prison for drug consumption and possession and the child has displayed an increasing amount of biting behavior in the classroom. Through observations, we cannot find any specific triggers that provoke the biting, so we have called for mental health services to help us assist the child with working through this behavior. A variety of factors can influence mental health behaviors that need to be addressed and it seems that the Global Children's Initiative agrees. Another insight that I gained from the website was the impact that malaria and other health issues are having on the educational experience for children in Zambia. The overall life expectancy for the population of Zambia remains below fifty years, due to the impact of poverty and illness. Educators understand the importance of early childhood education and care practices and how it can improve a child's life expectancy and performance, which is why they are focusing on improving the malaria treatment and prevention practices in Zambia. By helping children receive a healthy start in life, advocates hope to improve the children's education performance and increase life expectancy. I also followed the link to the ACEV: Mother Child Education Foundation (http://www.acev.org/en/anasayfa). The ACEV is based in Turkey, but has partnered with organizations in thirteen other countries. They focus on strengthening the relationships between the mother and child and the father and child in needy homes, understanding that healthy relationships are a key component to a child's childhood experience. ACEV provides a variety of professional development trainings for educators to assist families with improving early childhood experiences in the needy families of Turkey and Turkish immigrants around the world. I found it reassurig that other educators around the world share the same aspirations for early childhood education as we do in the United States.